The stomach acid test is used to measure the amount of acid in the stomach. It also measures the level of acidity in stomach contents.

Gastric acid secretion test

The test is done after a period of not eating so that fluid is all that remains in the stomach. Stomach fluid is removed through a tube that is inserted into the stomach through the esophagus (food pipe).

To test the ability of the cells in the stomach to release acid, a hormone called gastrin may be injected into your body. The stomach contents are then removed and analyzed.

You will be asked not to eat or drink for 4 - 6 hours before the test.

You may have some discomfort or a gagging feeling as the tube is passed through your nose or mouth, and down your esophagus.

Your doctor may recommend this test for the following reasons:

• To check if anti-ulcer medications are working
• To check if material is coming back up from the small intestine
• To test for the cause of ulcers

Normally the volume of the stomach fluid is 20 to 100 mL and the pH is acidic (1.5 to 3.5). These numbers are converted to actual acid production in units of milliequivalents per hour in some cases.

Note: Normal value ranges may vary slightly depending on the lab doing the test. Talk to your doctor about the meaning of your specific test results.

• Increased levels of gastrin can cause increased release of acid and may lead to ulcers (Zollinger-Ellison syndrome).
• The presence of bile in the stomach indicates material is backing up from the small intestine ( duodenum). This may be normal. It may also happen after part of the stomach is removed with surgery.

There is a slight risk of the tube being placed through the windpipe and into the lungs instead of through the esophagus and into the stomach.

Scubert ML, Kaunitz JD. Gastric secretion. In: Feldman M, Friedman LS, Brandt LJ, eds. Sleisenger and Fordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease. 9th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2010:chap 49.